The Southern Mercury, Texas Farmers' Alliance Advocate. (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 8, No. 33, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 15, 1889 Page: 3 of 8
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TE SO VTBE1
IR DALLAS, TEXAS, ATTGUi
I
XÜ
7'
CORRESPONDENCE.
Cabina Comity.
Editor M houby:—Alter teeing a great
many letter* irom different part* of tbe
country, I am dUheartened at not seeing
any lrom tbia section. 1 feel a delicacy lu
writing lrom tbls part, for others who are
niore capable of doing so should represent
us.
Crops are looking line here, corn is made.
As for cotton, It is looking tine, but 'ere
another month we grievously anticipate its
destruction by an army ot oatapillars which
sre making sure their charge, to the sorrow
and dissatisfaction of the heartbroken
larmer. Hlgtn bore, dear editor, allow me,
although I am a mere boy, to express some
of uiy trne sentiments in regard to cotton
raising. I have studied this very close,
and dnd that there is no pay in its culture
In this part ot tbe country. We aB a peo-
ple can dispense with cotton, and put In
its stead, a product that will pay our
farmers. It is a rare thing that you will
find a tarmer who plaBts large crops of cot-
ton, Who makes anything above a close
living. (1 have relerencc to the high dls*
tricta that are not adapted to its growth.)
You will find more poverty stricken larin-
ers among tbls class than would be among
raisers of antelopes. He is half bis time in
a strain and^need, and when he arrives at a
point that he must have something tor the
sustonaneeof lite, ail he can do is to ask for
credit, and mortgage his crop before be
plants, to seoure its payment. Why are
the growers of high districts in this plight 1
First, because tbey are one year behind,
and have to pay : > igh prices lor goods, and
secondly, because it is uncertain, and talcos
thirteen months In each year to make and
dispose of a cotton crop. Well, now some
Will say -«I can't Co without cotton, 1 can't
get credit, and in the fall X won't have
any money, so I am obliged to plant some
cotton." Now, this man is sadly mistaken.
Wherein can be now use a profitable sub-
stitute It This is where: The broad ex-
panse of the old field that lays before our
eyes, aud the waving meadow of the grassy
prairie, all furnish abundance of food for
horses and oattle, now we have only got to
take the labor and expense of a cotton crop
and fence it up, when it would bo worth
ten times as much. Another advantage is
we purify our stock, and have only the
best. Fine horses and cattle are hard to
find, because the majority of people care
but little about their value. "Live at
home." How will we manage to do it?
Flant your orchard of choicest fruit, be-
ginning with early and late, and of all prof-
itable descriptions, after it is ripened, a
small sum will enable you to can enough
fruit for winter use. Now your vineyard
must be noticed, you ean make your wine
at home and in abundance. Now after
you have supplied yourself, there yet will
remain plenty to fatten your swine that will
In a short time please you to watch them
roll their enormous bulk beneath the
shady boughs of the laden nature.
Now it does not take a man long to sur-
round himself with these luxuries, which
cost him nothing but dilligence and pa-
tience. The happiness now gained is
worth as much as all the cotton raised in
Texas, because be Ins nothing but his
home Interest to loek after, and therefore,
he is almost in an earthly paradise. What
constitutes this situation ? It Is this: A
fine pasture with the finest horses and cat-
tle, an orchard of proper size, and his sur-
rounding teeming with beautiful swine, a
yard overflowing with beautiful fowls, a
vineyard that affords them food and shelter,
a small farm to plant corn and oats and
patches generally, and lastly, a lovely com-
panion. Is he not in a paradise ? He has
more friends, and bis- lovely situation is
the favorable resort of maby lair facss.
He can love his God better, "reflect," dis-
pense with cotton, i. e. in our unfavórable
district. Hekby T. Crew.
Collin Coanty.
Editor Mercury:—Allow me to mike
a suggestion to tbe members of tbe State
Alliance through the columns of our pa-
per in regard to seating the delegates in
the State Alliance; seat them by congress-
ional districts, have each district numbered
and allow no one on the inside of the bar
but delegates and members of the State
Alliance. The reason I make this sugges-
tion is, I saw members vote in the laBt
State Alliance who were not entitled to a
vote, and by all means let business prevail
instead of sentiment. We have come toa
point In tbe Alliance where we must have
more business in tbe luture than we have
bad In the past, tor we must show the
world that we aro not all sentlmeut, but
mean business. We would ask those who
stand aloof from our business enterprises
to lend a helping hand, lor we have begun
to centralize our capital in mills, gins, cot-
ton yards and tbe exchange, and if we al-
low the Exchange to pass out ot our hands
wo will lose all we have done, for when the
Exchange passes into other hands then our
mills and cotton yards and other institu-
tions will go to the wall; the Exchange is
the center of the Alliance, and all force is
oentralized in the Exchange, and if it is
destroyed our other centralized efforts can
not stand; so let each membor take stock
In every institution in his county which
belongs to the Alliance, in tbe Exchange,
and for your chlldrens' sake take Thk
mkitbury, and search Its columns, lor in
it you will find the tenants that will lead
you out of debt, out of serfdem. We are
all brothers together, and belong to the
tame family, and should assist each other
by taking an interest in everything the Al-
liance has instituted, 11 we would do this,
ur efforts would be successful In every
Instance. Yours fraternally, *
O. 8. WIL80JÍ.
Armstrong Alliance No. 4329.
Galveston.
Editor Mercury:—Glad to see The
Mercury come to our rescue In this bsg-
ting fight and help us clean up the jute
srowd down here. We have been troubled
nrith this very element for over a year and
we had a good many akirmiabea with our
enemies before this time. But as tbe fight
thickened I went to organizing and lectur-
ing throughout tbe 7ih congressional dis-
trict of our sute and found that tbe jute
aen, assisted by the Galveston News, that
always wants and pretends to be the best
friend the Alliance man has on earth, tried
to mialead our members, telling them cot-
ton bagging could not be used without ex-
tra expense to members and could not be
procurad In sufficient quantities. But nev-
ertheless our counties arc not going to use
mu baoriM, if cotton bagging ean be pro-
cured; and very many members, told me
that tbey would hold their cptton rather
than use Jute.
Now, my Mends, tbls Is tbe true Alliance
■pirit which I found prevailing among our
members in tbe course of my travels, and
Mr. Jute, with the assistance of expelled
members of the Farmers Alliance of Texas,
cannot mislead our members at this time.
The Alliance brotherhood of tbe 7th con-
gressional district Is solid, and Is also in
fighting trim. Our columns are closed snd
we have formed a lino of battle, ready to
receive our enemy, monopoly. The Alli-
ance brotherhood throughout our coast
country has taken up the battle cry of the
Alliance, "Down with monopoly and the
Jute bagging trust!" Our members are not
alraid to show their Alliance colors, and
these are unfurled and proudly floating to
the breeze from the mainmast ot our vessel.
"The Alliance." This storm-tossod vessel
of ours is manned by Alliance mariners
lrom tbe Shoeatrlng district and tbey will
never surrender so long as there is a plank
to stand on, to jute or anybody else; but if
it must be they will go down with flying
Alliance colors, tbe Exchange, Mercury
aud Cotton Bagging. Fraternally yours,
Fred Kabhlek.
Friendship Alliance.
Resolved, That we, tbo members of
Friendship Alliance No. 1053, pledge our-
selves to withhold our patronage irom tbe
Galveston News and other periodicals
known to be in sympat by with our ene-
mies as an organization, and earnestly re-
commend the adoption of this or a similar
resolution by Alliance membera every-
where. Also, that The Mercury and
Bookdale Messenger be requested to pub-
lish the same. W. H. Weekly, Sec,
Paice Oross Roads.
Editor Mercury:—The picnic given
at this plaoe 3rd Inst, was quite a success,
and largely attended. We bad two of tbe
most noted speakers with uh extaut.
Mr. Ray representing tbe interests of tbe
Grange, while Mr. Ashby, the silver
tonguod orator of the state, took for bis
subject the institutions or organizations of
the farmer. Mr. A. is natures orator ab-
initio ad flnem, andhls discourse was plain,
communicative aud really soul feasting to
bis admiring llstners.
Crop prospects are tolerably fair, tbongb
the boll worm is playing sad havoc with
cotton in this locality.
R. S. Clark.
Lone Oak.
Editor Mercury:—I wlil endeavor to
tell you of our picnic. Lone Oak Alliance
having set the 13th of July to have an Alli-
ance dinner, and when tbe day arrived tbe
people began to assemble on the grounds.
All efforts to have a man of some notoriety
to lecture us failed, but we were enter-
tained by a talk from our worthy brother,
L. P. Crosby, for the space of nearly an
hour, when it was announced that time
had come to feast upon wbat the good la.
dies had prepared and of which there was
an abundance.
After all had eaten and were filled we
had some excellent music on the organ and
fiddle.
Sucoess to The Mercury.
J. C. Flowers.
Brazos County.
Editor Mercury:—Pleuse allow me
apace in your paper as 1 have been a sub-
scriber for it for some mouths and have
never seen but one piece that 1 wish to re-
fer te. That is tbe Alliance business, and
that is Bro. W. T. Newsome of Collin
county, Texas. He is a man after my own
heart, !n regard to raising the dues. I op-
pose the Bame. I am ready to pay my dues,
and have paid every call of tbe Alliance.
1 don't wish to say anything to injure tbe
Alliance, or the Central Exchange, but 11°
we don't express our views we will never
have any influence, but there are so many
against me my influence amounts to but
very little at present. Hoping this will
miss the basket, 1 remain yours without a
struggle. Jas. W. Brockmon.
Thompson Creek Alliance No. 1800.
Brazos County.
Editor Mercury:—I thought I would
give you the news of this Alliance. We
number about fifty and are on the boom.
We are In favor of Increasing the dues.
We want to see tbe Exchange out of debt
and money to buy goods with, and tboo
tbe Alliance will boom. We bellovo wo
have got the right man as business man-
ager of the Exchange. Our Alliance met
Saturday and had a good meeting, three
members more were added to our Alliance.
1 received The Mercury that was sent
me, and will soon send in a club, and also
take more shares in the Exchange as tbe
money is about all ready. We still expect
to get a branch store at Bryan. Success to
the Exchange and Mercury.
Steve Brockmax, Sec.
Thompson Creok Alliance.
Homestead Donations.
Editor Mercury:—Dots for the breth-
ren in the Alliance who want homestead
donations lrom the state of Texas. Stone-
wall county settlement was commenced
about four years ago, and organized last
December. A full description would be
too long. Here are dots of one school dis-
trict, No. 2: Settlement commenced Sept.
18S5, and had 15 families In 1830, raised
very little crop; one family left, tbe other
14 families are here yet, and all doing well.
The district has bad twelve months free
school; regular church services In a com-
fortable house. We have now, 27 families,
6 of them camo bcre widows; 10 young
men over 18 years ol age and 7 single girls
over 18 years of age who have>U acquired
homestead donations and represent tbe
following crops: 273 acres of corn, which
will average 20 bushels per acre ; 312 acres
of cotton, which looks well. Tbe county
has five sub-All!ances, organized in one
week. Fifty counties in west Texas have
just as good opportunities for you, breth-
ren. Come soon, before the land Is all
gone. J. II. Dollman,
Business agent Co. Alliance, No. 4170.
Rayner, Texas.
Atascosa Coanty. *
Editor Mercury:—The time for tbo
State Alliance to convence is near at band
and we are hopeful that tbe causes which
have created so much cotfuslon will be re-
moved and confidence restored. We are
like Billy Petterson; bound to admit that
there was considerable suspicion tbat tbere
wae smuggling done in tbe last Stale Alli-
ance.
Now I want to aay something for tbe con-
sideration of those who compose tbe next
State Alliance. First, I think tbe Exchange
ought to be discontinued as a mercantile
establishment, and only used as a purchas-
ing and selling agency for the membera of
the Alliance of Texas, and do tbat on a
small commission. Just sufficient to pay
expenses. Second, let the members of the
Alliance of each couaty deposit with their >
delegate to the State Alliance their certllli-
cates of stock In tbe Exchange, the dele-
gate to prosent the same to the secretary
of the Exchange, and upon their presenta-
tion the secretary to Issue stock to said
delogato and his successor for the member-
ship of their counties, the same to be held
in trust lor tbe membership of their coun-
ties, which would entitle oach delegate to
vote inside the corporation legally, and
would give the State Alliance legal contro
of the Exchange. The delegatee could
elect u board of trustees out ol their num-
ber to control tbe business; then in the
event the Exchange was discontinued each
county could draw Its pro rata share of its
gains or bear its losses, as the case might
be.
Now, in conclusion, I will say there is a
large portion ot the Alllauce who do not
believe tbat the State Alllauce can control
the Exchange legally, and when tbls is set
right we will certainly oomo to her relief
ilnancially. Yours,
N. J. Adams.
Do not endanger your health by using
quinine, when malarial fevers can be more
effectively treated with Ayer's Ague Cure.
Warranted.
Parson Gordon of Lamar county, on his
way to hold a meeting at Sulphur, broke
his leg by falling from bis buggy.
Dandruff eradicated, tbe scalp made
clean, and gray bair restored to its original
youthful beauty and vigor by the use of
Hall's Vegetable Sicilian Hair Itenevrer.
Lewis Purdrun while painting the sus-
pension bridge at Cincinnati, tell 0& lcet
into the river. He swam ashore unhurt.
Ayer's Sarsaparillu, by purifying and en-
riching the blood, Improves tbe appetito,
aids the assimilative process, strengthens
the nerves and invigorates the system. It
is, there ore, tho best and most thoroughly
reliable alterative that can be lound lor old
and young.
A very severe electric storm passed over
Bells, striking tbe dwelling of tho statiou
agent and uumsglng it. No one was hurt.
Parties bavlng lost stock in the last
twelve or eighteen months would do well
to Bend the P. and D. Association a descrip-
tion of them, as thoy have hundreds of
them located, waiting owners. Agents
wanted for the C brand. Apply to P. and
D. Association, Dallas, Texas.
Farmers.
It will pay you to call at 1201, corner of
Pearl and Elm street, Dallas. W. D.
Scherer accords a hearty welcome to oue
and all, and will sell you anything needed
in tbe household in now or second hand
goods cheaper than any house in Dallas.
"On Wheels."
A large stock of carriages, buggies, pine-
tons, jumpseats, carts, buckboards, and
Studebaker farm and spring wagons, just
received at 713 Elm St., Dallas, by John S.
Witwer. Farmers, merchants, and every
body wanting a nica pleasure vehicle, or
farm or spring wagon, should call on Mr.
Witwer; his stock Is complete and the
best.
I ns stock department ol the Exchange
conducted by Bro. W. J. Williams, ol Hen-
rietta, bids fair to do a profitable busiucss.
He writes that he has already contracted
12,000 head of ones and twos, these cattle
to be gathered from west, northwest and
southwest from Dallas county. Other con-
tracts will be made for other parts of the
state soon. Persons desiring information
about tbe sale of stock should address Bro.
Williams at once.
State Agricultural and Mechanical Col-
lege of Texas.
fourteenth annual session oi'en.S
bhptembkr 11, 1wu.
Gives a thorough, scientific and practical
education which prepares for useful citi-
zenship. Theoretical and practical course
la dairying, stock-breeding, agriculture,
horticulture, surveying, mechanical and
civil engineering, chemistry, veterinary
suienco, drawing, mathematics, Englls.'i
and modern languages. Special short
courses In agriculture, horticulture, dairy,
lng, carpentering, blacksmlthlng, machin-
ery, chemistry, drawing and surveying.
Extensivo additions to dormitories and
equipment of departments have been made.
No tuition. All expenses, except booLs
aud clothing, only $110 for entire session.
Write lor catalogue to
Louis L. McInmh.
Chairman Com. of Faculty
College Station, Texas.
DRILLING
51, LOÜISTOES^riMl CO,,.
Catalogue Free: ST. LOUIS, MO
5-ta Sotfon Gin Scales $60
beam box
Brass Tare beam,
Wwnuifwl for 5 Year*
Freight I'dM.
AGENTS WANTED.
Rend far Term*.
"JONES HE PAY8 THE FREIGHT."
For Free Price TM, AMrem
JONES of BINQHAMTOH, Binghamton, N. T.
'OSGOOD'
U. 8. Standard
SCALES
nuttoinufc
Freight Paid. Fully Warranted. 3Ton*33
CAfTO^ CLIPpERpLOWS
WARRMITEOTHE BEST
BLACK LAUD PLOWS
, IN THCWORU)
I irvouB
„ DEALER DOES NOT
. ,0,Jhem \Nritc us direct
IfiFF CO. QM.LAS.TEXAS
¿rifu
louWiu.
uhe an ones -
PARLINJkOREJ
l.'i.htniu* Well-Sinking Bachlnory.
V Makers of Hydraulic, Jotilnjr, ItoroN*
1 pe?. Artcftlsm. Mininpr, Diamond. Tools.
>, \voiln jfc I'roKiJcctiittf. Lnciiic , Uoile'-n.
. Wind Mills l'umpg «te., Bou> on
k Tkul. An £NuxCLOPODIA of
l,0O0®ngr*vinca.E*rtn8trai1flc<\-
tioii, Detuiroumticn of Miner*
itifl and Quality of Water.
C.ivcH Light, Audi QoM.
Mailed for «5 otn,
at Hook
vr
Tho Araertoaa
AUK$U.?&,
WhatDoYouWant?
Write us for prices and information
on Buggies, Hacks, Road Carts, Gin
Outfits, Mowers, Rakes,—in fact, all
kinds of machinery.
Enquiries answered promptly. Pur-
chases made and forwarded to all
points. Try us, and save money.
WOODSON & ALLBRITTON,
Dallas, Texas.
To the Cotton Planters and Ginners of Texas:
Look into tho merit cf tha COTTON BLOOM-
LUXianjS with Self Feeder and Cabinot Condenser.
They Ola Fan I. i.I.ko beautiful eampla. Clean sued
porfcotly, run easy. Never Choice or broalc tho roll.
ABB SULLY CfUATLANTBED and ABB DHLIV-
EKED FBBB OF FREIGHT1 at any B. B. Station In tha
■tata of Toiau. if wo havo no Asont near you oddrau
H. W. HIIR3ARD, Klfr'a' General A^ent,
No. 030 Common 8t., Dallo . Taza .
P. 8. Aleo Xlnglne* and Bollera, Corn and Feed
Wllln, Belting, (Scale*, WludJUlla, 4to. •
mOtSLAND & DOUGLAb
MANUFACTURING CO.
ST. LOUIS, MO.
VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL
Cane Mills & Evaporators.
Umillon this uancr. SEND FOB CIUCfiLttt.
The Panhandle
Machinery and Improvement Co.
coll tlio
fas U, S, Solid Wheel
-\7S7 MM:. 3UE
T
Wind 31111 over sold In Texan. I.ong
stroke, <(iirublo. N« mill ever bofore of-
fered lias given such satisfaction. Bend
lor cataloguen.
The above Company are Htrito Agent* far
thecelebiated Tlnlladay Wind Milli, Halcm
Pump . Farquhur Engino*, Eureka Wind
Mill*, etc. Have alwayo on baud a lull lino
of Machinery Supplies, Hruim Good , Belt-
ing, Pipe, Well Casing, Well DnIU, etc.
Contract to (urnlah entlro mill, gin or
water-tank outfit*. Oct tbelr price*. If
you need anything In machinery lino, you
ran lave money by 10 doing.
«% Live «genu wanted In overy
county In the «tute.
Addref* tbe
MANGLE MACHINERY ft IIPRQVEHENT CO.,
flirt Worth. Tm
Dalla5 {^levator Qo.,
DALLAS,
TEXAS,
THE GREAT EQUALIZER OF PRICES!
Your interest ¡sour interest. Store your grain and save 25 cents to 50 cents
per bushel. We offer special inducements for storing grain of all kinds.
Oiu'-half (4) cent per bughe! for flr«t LI or part tlinreof; one-half (%) oont
for teoond 15 day*, or part thereof. Or, ono cont per month, and one-half uent
lonoeciving and one-half cent lor dellverln#. UeoelpU Uiued on elimination*
and weights at the elevator.
Money advanced on receipt* at current rate of Interest. Insurance very low. Interoit ot
the patron* of the elevator will be strictly guarded. Oralo aiorod with ua command* the
hlffheftt price, a* we are In oonstant communication with all tho market* of th< country. Mo
charge for buying, telling or giving Information. All grain weighed and tiiwsiflod under tho
supervision of Merchants Exchange. If desired.
F. M. COCKREI.L, Presiden! and Gen'I Manager.
DALLAS, ELEVATOR COM/'A NY,
* Dallas* Texas.
WELLS' MACHINE
WORKS. 2S
ITOSTORIA, OHIO
Want every person who U
interested tn boring for
Water, Oil, Gas or
Minerals. to wr>'° for
minerals, lheirNev,u.
lustrnted Catalogued Well
8 royal
WlAlfÜliiiU.
SubtnerRSd Stack Tank WaterHaatar
¡£Kead our special clubbing offer on page 7
papar.
Machinery and Machine Supplies,
Iron Pipe, Well Casing, Steam Fitting and
Brass Goods a Speciilty.
ENGINES, BOILERS, POMPS, MILLS, Etc.
LIDDELL, HUNTER & CO.
JNO. G. HUNTER, Manager..
Office and Show Room—407 Main St., (Opposite Grand Windsor Hotel)
Warehouse—At junction T. and P. and Trunk R. R., Dallas, Texas
FARMERS, you can-
not afford to buy a
.Sulky I'loiti until you
have eiumlned tho
merit* of the Trtcuclt.
It it wqrvonted the tightft
ilruft and to work equal
to any other plow made
in any kind of taint.
It ha* received thn
onthuslaRtio praise of
IhouNutult of Texas
farmer*.
If not sold by your
merchant, lmve him
order one tor you, or
write tifl for eiioulur,
prlco aud terms,
¿AlÉJlí
NAKStfTDIlflS
In order to lntroduoe
Into new looalltles we
will send a Tricycle to
rcniiontible farmers to
be settled for when It
does good work. We
do not offor it a* tbe
cheapcit but the beet
made for tho money
wo ask.
Do not bo deceived
by agenta claiming to
havo a uhenp plow that
in Jus*- a* good a* the
Trloyolo. Fifty years
experlonoo and ttmple
capital enable u* to
produoo a tfrat-olnis
jilow at ut least possl-
PAltLlN & ORKNOOBCF CO
e cost.
Tiiillun, Toxoa.
THE SWANN COTTON GIN
Fnxmxm Aiaro oonirDzisrsJBR,
Manufactured b, SWANN BROS. & MOORE, DüllaS, TÜ
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The LANE MILL is ready now to receivc orders for
ODENHEIMER COTTON BAGGING,
44 inches wide, weighing three-quarters of a pound to the yard, which cover*
ing was adopted for permanent and exclusive use by the
National Farmers Alliance and Wheel of America,
at their meeting at Birmingham, Alabama, on May 15 and 16, 1889. Price,
i2]/¿ cents net cash, f. o. b., New Orleans.
On orders aggregating 25,000 yards during the season, 2 per cent allowance.
Orders to be placed as soon as possible.
Orders once placed are irrevocable and no cancellation will be accepted
under any circumstances.
Orders to state when bagging is to be shipped. All shipments to be paid
for against sight drafts, bill of lading attached.
A deposit of 25 per cent must accompany all orders, unless same come
through a responsible business house or bank, or else be accompanied by a
certificate of bank or responsible business house, stating they will pay our sight
draft for the amount of the bagging when shipped.
The bagging is put up in rolls of about 50 yards each.
It is desirable, in order to make payments easier, to direct your orders to be
shipped twice a month, say from August to December. To avoid mistakes,
make your shipping directions very plain.
We are probably the only mill making the bagging 44 inches wide this sea
son, for which reason, we think we will be overcrowded with orders soon; it ii
desirable, therefore, if you wish youi orders booked in time, that you place
them at once. TI IE LA NE MILLS,
New Orleans.
i. -j. J...-
Van Winkle Gin and Machinery Co.,
W, K. ELAM, Manoger, ' '
DALLAS, : TEXAS,
MAMIFACTUIl ETCH OF
Cotton Gins, Presses, Huller Cotton Gins,
Cotton Seed Oil Mill Machinery,
and Cotton Cleaners.
The establishment of our Branch Factory at Dallas has been a great bea*
efit to the Texas ginners. A stock of Gins, Feeders, Condensers, Pres9ei, audi
Cotton Cleaners always on hand. The best attention given to all orden ia
trusted to us. Write for catalogue, prices and terms. Always mention The
Mercury. Address, VAN WINKLE GIN AND MACHINERY CO. ,
Dallas, Tn*
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The Southern Mercury, Texas Farmers' Alliance Advocate. (Dallas, Tex.), Vol. 8, No. 33, Ed. 1 Thursday, August 15, 1889, newspaper, August 15, 1889; Dallas, Texas. (https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth186100/m1/3/: accessed June 11, 2024), University of North Texas Libraries, The Portal to Texas History, https://texashistory.unt.edu; .